In the first year of life, which Erikson stage is most prominent, and what is its core task?

• A. Trust vs Mistrust; forming trust when basic needs are consistently met.
• B. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt; gaining autonomy and self-control.
• C. Industry vs Inferiority; developing competence.
• D. Identity vs Role Confusion; forming personal identity.

Answer: (A)

In Erikson’s theory, the first year of life centers on forming trust through reliable, consistent caregiving. When a caregiver consistently meets an infant’s basic needs—feeding, comforting, warmth, safety—the infant learns that the world is predictable and that people can be depended on. This builds a sense of trust that serves as a foundation for later relationships and exploration. If care is inconsistent or neglectful, the infant may develop mistrust, feeling wary about the world and others.

Other stages come later in development: autonomy and self-control emerge in the toddler years, focusing on independent functioning; developing a sense of competence appears in early childhood as children learn new skills; and forming personal identity becomes central in adolescence. For the first year, though, the key task is establishing trust through consistent care.